[Isoform 1]: Mitochondrial scaffold protein, of the core iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) assembly complex, that provides the structural architecture on which the [2Fe-2S] clusters are assembled (PubMed:34824239). The core iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) assembly complex is involved in the de novo synthesis of a [2Fe-2S] cluster, the first step of the mitochondrial iron-sulfur protein biogenesis. This process is initiated by the cysteine desulfurase complex (NFS1:LYRM4:NDUFAB1) that produces persulfide which is delivered on the scaffold protein ISCU in a FXN-dependent manner. Then this complex is stabilized by FDX2 which provides reducing equivalents to accomplish the [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly. Finally, the [2Fe-2S] cluster is transferred from ISCU to chaperone proteins, including HSCB, HSPA9 and GLRX5 (Probable) (PubMed:24971490, PubMed:29576242, PubMed:30031876, PubMed:34824239). Exists as two slow interchanging conformational states, a structured (S) and disordered (D) form (PubMed:23940031). May modulate NFS1 desulfurase activity in a zinc-dependent manner (PubMed:30031876). Modulates the interaction between FXN and the cysteine desulfurase complex (PubMed:29576242). ; [Isoform 2]: Cytoplasmic scaffold protein, of the cytoplasmic core iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) assembly complex that provides the structural architecture on which the Fe-S clusters are assembled and may be involved in the cytoplasmic iron-sulfur protein biogenesis.
